The Gospels of Matthew and Luke record that Jesus was born in Bethlehem, about 6 miles (10 km) south of Jerusalem. UNESCO notes that Christian tradition has identified this cave as the birthplace since the second century and dates the first church over it to 339 and its rebuilding to the sixth century. Scripture gives the town; the exact spot rests on that very old and continuous tradition. Beneath the altar the star carries the Latin words Hic de Virgine Maria Iesus Christus natus est, "Here Jesus Christ was born of the Virgin Mary"; the Custody of the Holy Land records that it was placed in 1717. To the right is the place of the manger, facing the small altar of the Magi where Catholic priests celebrate Mass.

Pilgrims go down by a staircase beside the Greek Orthodox iconostasis into a narrow, confined space. With visits now limited to a short period each day, expect a line; pilgrims commonly report waits of an hour or more at busy times, though no official figure is published. Anyone who cannot manage stairs can still pray in the basilica above and in the church of St. Catherine.

Good to know before you go: three communities share the basilica, the Greek Orthodox, the Armenians, and Catholics through the Franciscans, whose church of St. Catherine adjoins it. That is where Catholics attend Mass. During the works the friars' early Mass, normally in the Grotto, is celebrated in the Grotto of St. Joseph very early in the morning Monday to Saturday, and the basilica keeps temporary hours from before dawn until early evening. Groups with their own priest book Mass through the Franciscan Pilgrims' Office. Bethlehem is in the West Bank and is reached through an Israeli checkpoint, so the visit depends on conditions that week.